AGVHub
What is a Specification Document?
The specification document describes WHAT you expect from an AGV system. It's your requirements specification and basis for:
- Requests for quotation from vendors
- Comparability of offers
- Contract foundation
- Acceptance criteria
Specification vs. Design: You (the buyer) write the specification. The vendor responds with a detailed design document describing HOW they will implement your requirements.
Structure of an AGV Specification
1. Project Overview
Contents
- Company description
- Project goals and motivation
- Project scope
- Timeline
- Budget range (optional)
- Contact persons
2. Current Situation
Contents
- Current material flow processes
- Existing layout (drawing/CAD)
- Existing infrastructure
- Current transport equipment
- Known problems and bottlenecks
3. Transport Requirements
This is the core of the specification:
| Data Point | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Sources and destinations | Start and end points | Receiving → Storage, Storage → Assembly |
| Storage types | Where are goods stored? | Block storage, racks, conveyor handover |
| Transport volumes | Quantity per time unit | 80 pallets/shift, peaks up to 15/h |
| Load carriers | What is transported? | Euro pallet, wire basket, special container |
| Weights | Min/Max/Average | 200-800 kg, avg. 500 kg |
| Operating hours | When is transport needed? | 3-shift, 24/7 |
| Cycle times | Maximum allowed transport time | Max. 10 minutes from A to B |
4. Technical Requirements
Vehicle
- Vehicle type (underride, forklift, etc.)
- One type or a mixed fleet (VDA 5050)
- Load handling device
- Lift height (if relevant)
- Dimensions (max. width/length)
- Speed
- Drive type
Navigation
- Preferred navigation technology
- Position accuracy requirements
- Travel paths (widths, turning radii)
- Special requirements
Safety
- Safety concept
- Personnel protection
- Standards (EN ISO 3691-4)
- Mixed traffic with forklifts and people
Energy
- Charging concept (opportunity, swap battery)
- Available charging windows
- Power supply
5. Fleet Control & Integration
Contents
- Fleet management requirements
- Interfaces (WMS, ERP, PLC)
- Order sources (ERP/WMS, PLC, buttons)
- Who manages storage bins, including block storage? (SAP integration)
- Order transfer (automatic/manual)
- Visualization and reporting
- User rights and access
6. Environmental Conditions
Contents
- Facility layout (CAD drawing)
- Floor condition
- Temperature and humidity
- WiFi infrastructure
- Lighting
- Special areas (EX zones, cleanroom)
7. Project Requirements
Contents
- Schedule and milestones
- Acceptance criteria
- Training requirements
- Documentation
- Service and maintenance
- Warranty terms
8. Commercial Requirements
Contents
- Quote format and deadline
- Evaluation criteria
- Contract terms
- Payment terms
Tips for a Good Specification
Best Practices
- Formulate measurable requirements (not "fast", but "max. 2 m/s")
- Distinguish must-have and nice-to-have requirements
- Include layout drawings (DWG/PDF)
- Base volume estimates on actual data
- Involve all stakeholders
Common Mistakes
- Requirements too vague ("state of the art")
- Unnecessary restrictions
- Missing volume data
- Unrealistic timelines
- Forgotten interfaces
Conclusion
A good specification is the foundation for a successful AGV project. Invest time in precise requirements definition – it pays off throughout the entire project.